Fight diabetes before it strikes

World Diabetes Day is being observed today, November 14, across the world, including Bangladesh, to raise awareness about diabetes, promote early diagnosis and encourage preventive measures.

This year's theme is 'Early Action on Diabetes', highlighting the importance of early detection, timely treatment and access to proper healthcare. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), more than 40 per cent of people living with diabetes worldwide are unaware of their condition.

The situation in Bangladesh is also alarming. According to the International Diabetes Federation's (IDF) Diabetes Atlas 2025, approximately 13.9 million people aged between 20 and 79 were living with diabetes in Bangladesh in 2024. More than half of them are unaware of their condition, according to Professor AK Azad Khan, president of the Bangladesh Diabetic Association.

Diabetes cases rise sharply

IDF data show that the number of people with diabetes in Bangladesh increased from around 8.4 million in 2011 to nearly 13.9 million in 2024. The age-adjusted prevalence also rose from 10.5 per cent to 13.2 per cent during the period.

Experts attribute the increase to urbanisation, unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, obesity and changing lifestyles.

Globally, around 589 million adults aged between 20 and 79 were living with diabetes in 2024. The number is projected to exceed 850 million by 2050 if current trends continue.

Symptoms and complications

Diabetes is a chronic disease that develops when the body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose enter the body's cells to provide energy. Without proper insulin function, sugar builds up in the bloodstream.

There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes. Type 1 occurs when the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells, while Type 2 develops when the body cannot use insulin properly or produces insufficient amounts. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy.

Type 2 diabetes can remain undiagnosed for years because symptoms may not be noticeable in the early stages.

Common symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision and slow-healing wounds.

If left uncontrolled, diabetes can cause serious complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, nerve damage, vision loss and, in severe cases, amputation.

Gestational diabetes a growing concern

The rising prevalence of gestational diabetes among women in Bangladesh is another concern.

According to Professor AK Azad Khan, its prevalence in the country has increased from around 10 per cent a decade ago to approximately 20 per cent.

Uncontrolled blood sugar during pregnancy can create complications for both mothers and babies. Regular screening, medical supervision and proper blood sugar management can help reduce these risks.

Lifestyle changes key to prevention

Experts say healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent or delay Type 2 diabetes.

Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight and limiting sugary and high-fat foods are important preventive measures.

At least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking, every week is recommended. People who are overweight can also reduce their risk by losing around five to seven per cent of their body weight.

People aged 35 and above are generally advised to undergo diabetes screening. Those with a family history of diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure or a history of gestational diabetes may need earlier screening.

Various programmes mark the day

The Bangladesh Diabetic Association (BADAS) has organised various programmes to mark the day.

A rally is scheduled to begin from the premises of BIRDEM General Hospital in Shahbagh at 8:30 AM. Other activities include free diabetes screening, discussions, consultations with specialist doctors and public awareness campaigns.

The World Health Organisation has also set global targets for 2030, including ensuring that 80 per cent of people with diabetes are diagnosed and that 80 per cent of diagnosed patients achieve good blood sugar and blood pressure control.

Experts emphasise that although diabetes is a lifelong condition, it can be managed through early diagnosis, regular monitoring, proper medication and healthy lifestyle choices. They urge people to make diabetes prevention and control a year-round priority rather than limiting awareness to a single day.