The little things that matter most for inclusion

Every family hopes for a healthy child with normal physical and mental development. However, certain congenital conditions can affect a child's spine, brain and nervous system. Spina bifida and hydrocephalus are two such conditions that may cause mobility problems, learning difficulties and long-term health complications.

World Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus Day is observed on October 25 every year. The 2026 theme was “Lived Experience: From Preconception to Old Age”, highlighting the importance of awareness, prevention, treatment and lifelong support.

Spina bifida occurs when the neural tube fails to develop or close properly during early pregnancy, affecting the formation of the spine. Depending on its severity, children may experience leg weakness, difficulty walking, reduced sensation and problems controlling bladder and bowel movements.

Hydrocephalus develops when excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain, increasing pressure and potentially causing permanent damage. Symptoms in infants may include an unusually enlarged head, repeated vomiting, poor feeding, irritability and seizures. Early medical attention is essential.

Several factors may increase the risk of these conditions, including insufficient folic acid, poorly controlled maternal diabetes, certain medications and a family history of neural tube defects.

Adequate folic acid intake before conception and during early pregnancy is one of the most important preventive measures. Women planning pregnancy are generally advised to take 400 micrograms of folic acid daily, beginning at least one month before conception. Those with additional risk factors may require a higher dose under medical supervision.


Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Spina bifida may require surgery, physiotherapy and rehabilitation, while hydrocephalus may need a surgical shunt or an endoscopic procedure to drain excess fluid.

Beyond medical care, affected children need family support, accessible education and opportunities to participate in social activities. Schools should ensure suitable facilities and inclusive learning environments.

In Bangladesh, greater awareness of preconception counselling, folic acid supplementation, prenatal screening and timely treatment is necessary. Affordable healthcare, rehabilitation and assistive devices are also essential.

There is no reliable scientific evidence that homeopathic medicines can cure spina bifida or hydrocephalus. They should never replace or delay evidence-based medical treatment.
World Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus Day reminds us that early awareness, timely diagnosis and coordinated healthcare can improve the lives of affected children. Ensuring their treatment, education and dignity is a shared social responsibility.

The writer is a Columnist and Public Health Analyst, Founder and Chairman,Jatiya rogi Kalyan Society